Common catalysts used are insoluble metals such as palladium in the form Pd-C, platinum in the form PtO2, and nickel in the form Ra-Ni. With the presence of a metal catalyst, the H-H bond in H2 cleaves, and each hydrogen attaches to the metal catalyst surface, forming metal-hydrogen bonds. The metal catalyst also absorbs the alkene onto its surface. A hydrogen atom is then transferred to the alkene, forming a new C-H bond. A second hydrogen atom is transferred forming another C-H bond. At this point, two hydrogens have added to the carbons across the double bond. Because of the physical arrangement of the alkene and the hydrogens on a flat metal catalyst surface, the two hydrogens must add to the same face of the double bond, displaying syn addition.

Hydrogenation is an essential chemical reaction for the synthesis of new chemicals. The reaction occurs between a hydrogen molecule and an unsaturated compound, like alkene and alkyne, in the presence of a metal catalyst. By adding hydrogen atoms to a double or triple bond, hydrogenation changes the structure of the molecule. While some amount of energy is required to start the process, the overall reaction is exothermic. The energy of the reactants is more compared to the energy of the product. The bonds formed are more stable than the bonds being broken [1]..

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